irkrot.blogg.se - Allmänt

#Microsoft open xml converter uninstall code#

Nim supports Uniform Function Call Syntax (UFCS) and identifier equality, which provides a large degree of flexibility in use.įor example, each of these lines does the same call, just with different syntax:

Lisp: Macro system, embrace the AST, homoiconicity.

C++: operator overloading, generic programming.

Ada: subrange types, distinct type, safe variants – case objects.

Object Pascal: type safe bit sets ( set of char), case statement syntax, various type names and filenames in the standard library.

Nim was influenced by specific characteristics of existing languages, including the following: Historically, Nim was fully case-insensitive (capitalization of the identifiers was fully ignored) and underscores were completely ignored, too. Nim is almost fully style-insensitive two identifiers are considered equal if they only differ by capitalization and underscores, as long as the first characters are identical. T echo twice_if_is_number ( 67 ) # Passes an int to the function echo twice_if_is_number ( 67 u8) # Passes an uint8 echo twice_if_is_number ( true ) # Passes a bool (Which is also an Ordinal) # We use a generic Type(T), and precise that it can only be an Ordinal func twice_if_is_number ( i : T ): T = when T is SomeNumber : # A `when` is an `if` evaluated during compile time result = i * 2 # You can also write `return i * 2` else : # If the Ordinal is not a number it is converted to int, # multiplied by two, and reconverted to its based type result = ( i. # Let's declare a function that takes any type of number and displays its double # In Nim functions with side effect are called "proc" proc timesTwo ( i : SomeNumber ) = echo i * 2 # Let's write another function that takes any ordinal type, and returns # the double of the input in its original type, if it is a number # or returns the input itself otherwise.

#Microsoft open xml converter uninstall code#

This code sample demonstrates the use of typeclasses in Nim SomeOrdinal - Represents all the basic countable and ordered types, except of non integer number.SomeInteger - Represents all the Integer types, signed or not.SomeSignedInt - Represents all the signed integer types.Type classes allow working with several types as if they were a single type. Nim notably provides type classes which can stand in for multiple types, and provides several such type classes 'out of the box'. Nim's type system allows for easy type conversion, casting, and provides syntax for generic programming. Unlike Python, Nim implements (native) static typing. Additionally, Nim supports user-defined operators. With the goal of improving upon its influence languages, even though Nim supports indentation-based syntax like Python, it introduced additional flexibility one may break statements with a comma or binary operator to the next line. Many keywords are identical to their Python equivalents, which are mostly English keywords, whereas other programming languages usually use punctuation. Code blocks and nesting statements are identified through use of whitespace, according to the offside-rule. The syntax of Nim resembles that of Python. Older version, yet still maintained: 1.4.8 Older version, yet still maintained: 1.2.18 Older version, yet still maintained: 1.0.10 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.20.2 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.19.6 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.18.0 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.17.2 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.16.0 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.15.2 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.14.2 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.13.0 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.12.0

Old version, no longer maintained: 0.11.2 Old version, no longer maintained: 0.10.2 presents a most original design that straddles Pascal and Python and compiles to C code or JavaScript. Nim includes tunable automatic garbage collection based on deferred reference counting with cycle detection, which can also be turned off altogether. Functions can be generic, they can be overloaded, and generics are further enhanced by Nim's support for type classes. Object-oriented programming is supported by inheritance and multiple dispatch.

Iterators are supported and can be used as first class entities, as can functions, allowing for the use of functional programming methods.

Term rewriting macros enable library implementations of common data structures, such as bignums and matrices, to be implemented efficiently, as if they were built-in language facilities. It supports compile-time metaprogramming features such as syntactic macros and term rewriting macros. Nim was created to be a language as fast as C, as expressive as Python, and as extensible as Lisp.